Today we will take a closer look at passive constructions of the above type. Let’s start with an example phrase in Japanese and three different possible English translations:
導電パターンが形成された回路基板
a) a circuit board that is formed with a conductive pattern
b) a circuit board on which a conductive pattern is formed
c) a circuit board that is provided with a conductive pattern
The first rendering a) is something that, in my experience, native English speakers are more likely to come up with than native Japanese speakers. But is it a good translation?
Looking more closely at the Japanese, we can see that 形成された modifies 導電パターン, and not 回路基板. It is the conductive pattern that is formed, not the circuit board. Yet in English version a), it is precisely the other way around. The tricky part about putting it all together is that, in English, we need to add a preposition, namely “on”, for which there is no corresponding lexeme in the original Japanese.
But why do some translators wind up with version a)? I can imagine that they are tripped up by the passive construction 形成された回路基板, which at first glance, might be misinterpreted to mean that it is the circuit board that is formed. So they start out with “a circuit board that is formed” and trying to connect it with the remaining word “conductive pattern”, they add the preposition “with”, disregarding the actual meaning of the phrase.
Now, in defense of version a), I have heard the argument that it could be taken to mean that, when the circuit board is formed, a conductive pattern is formed at the same time, so it’s “a circuit board formed together with a conductive pattern” and doesn’t this mean more or less the same thing? But that is not what the Japanese means. The Japanese does not mean or imply that the circuit board and the conductive pattern are formed at the same time. In fact, I think this added layer of meaning might even be taken as an argument against this construction even if you accept that some native English speakers use the construction “formed with” in the same meaning as “provided with”.
But what about version c)? In my opinion, it means exactly the same thing as version b). Version b) is arguably slightly closer to the original, because of the greater correspondence between 形成 and “formed”. On the other hand, version c) is slightly more elegant, because in version b), “formed” is removed five words from “on”. Version c) is a bit tighter and therefore slightly easier to read. But the difference is marginal.
So to sum up, version a) should be avoided. In context, it will probably get the meaning across and it is natural English alright, so I find it barely acceptable if I squint. But versions b) and c) are better. I have no preference regarding versions b) and c) and find them both OK.
Here’s another example:
半導体素子が実装された回路基板
a) a circuit board that is mounted with semiconductor elements
b) a circuit board on which semiconductor elements are mounted
By now, you can probably guess what I think about these two renderings. Version a) is problematic, because what is mounted is the semiconductor elements, not the circuit board. Incidentally, when I Google the phrase “the circuit board is mounted with” , the first hit leads to a patent issued to a Japanese company, which is always an indication that the construction does not come all too naturally to native speakers.
Also in this case, I could imagine that a native English speaker will use the construction “the circuit board is mounted with X” to mean “X is mounted on the circuit board” and it is probably possible to find examples of this on the net. But that doesn’t make it good English.
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Нормальный мне брокер
Dan Январь 19, 2023
Как по мне нормальный брокер Эсперио. Сначала, да я много не зарабатывал, но сейчас я уже втянулся и имею нормально, по крайней мере я доволен. Деньги свои прибыльные выводил, проблем нет с этим. Но только вот единственный минус, недавно в подержку я не мог долго достучаться. А так в принципе нормально мне. Брокером доволен
Спасибо за аналитику
ArtemD73 Февраль 21, 2023
Хочу сказать спасибо за аналитику. Читаю новости рынков и обзоры постоянно. Болтян мне нравится. Благодаря аналитике нормально зарабатываю. Рекомендую.
ни о чем не жалею
2023 Февраль 27, 2023
Заработать можно здесь, хотя я и сомневался когда регистрировался. ну как и всем страшно свои деньги куда то девать. Но я ни о чем не жалею. + 30% за два месяца к депозиту. Стараюсь, да и брокер не мешает. вывод есть. Был минус один раз вывод задержали дольше обычного, а так все нормально с работой.
Esperio c TJM Investing украли деньги
Senpai Май 5, 2023
Искал удалённую работу отчётником. Меня пригласили на собеседование в TJM инвестинг. Там приятный на вид молодой человек лет 25 учил меня по свечным графикам и т.д. через дней 9 он говорит приятным голосом, даже проникся к этому человеку..
Говорит: «Мне жалко отдавать вас в отчётники, есть вариант стать клиентом и торговать с ними на брокере Esperio. И говорит, что нет времени отсрачивать решение. Сделали крипто кошелёк, зарегистрировались на Esperio. Нужна была большая сумма около 5000 долларов для получения бонуса. Взял кредит и ещё со вклада.
Потом курсы «школа трейдинга» всего ушло 120000. И в сумма моего депозита стала 13000. Потом аккуратной торговлей заработал в сумме 38000 долларов. А потом с «финансовым аналитиком» экспертом опираясь на его профессионализм мы установили торгового робота. На 4 валютные пары. Робот работал один день нормально. А на следующий т открыл огромные объёмы по усреднению своих убыточных сделок. При том, что вместе с «экспертом» мы открыли убыточные сделки и он как эксперт не принял это во внимание. Когда уровень маржи дошёл до 100%, 83%. Он вместе со мной посмотрел глупым взглядом и предложил ждать. Так когда уровень дошёл до 35%, тоже. А потом наступил песец и автозакрытие с минусом. В беседе, он ссылался, что у нас просто не хватило маржи. Он не принимал вину и переводил на меня. Моих сделок там почти не было. Забавно. Я бы уж точно не слился так тупо. Что интересно, мани мененджмент и риск менеджмент мы ни в первом курсе, ни во втором школы брокера не прорабатывали. Что способствует убытку. Они постоянно показывали свои демосчета, реального ни разу не увидел. Потом выяснилось, что оказывается страховку, которую мы с финансовым экспертом другим не сделали. Тут тоже обвинили меня, что я затупил. Со мной занимался человек с 5 летним стажем. Тоже странно. Мы сделали и всё было нормально, но по ходу дела там люди абсолютно не имеют в этом компетенции. Постоянно просят по бонусам вложить ещё большую сумму на депозит, всё время мелкие недочёты и недомолвки. Потерял всё. И ко мне потеряли интерес. Почти. Сейчас хотят, чтобы положил ещё 7000 долларов. Говорят можно использовать кредит. Так я и повёлся. Тупо слили деньги. Тем более, что даже не сам своими сделками. Очень жаль, что так получилось, но зато плохой опыт тоже опыт. Времени на меня у них всегда не хватало. Из положенного часа времени в день, почему-то выходило только 30 минут от силы.
Герман Июнь 19, 2023
Как я могу с вами связаться , похожая ситуация
Карина Июнь 21, 2023
Аналогичная ситуация, хотелось бы обсудить лично.
Нннн Ноябрь 2, 2023
Напишите мне пожалуйста по почте. Такая же ситуация
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